Neuromodulation 2025 May 2:S1094-7159(25)00146-1. doi: 10.1016/j.neurom.2025.04.002. Online ahead of print. Sofia Ferrão Malheiro, Nathan Beucler, Aurélie Leplus, Michel Lanteri-Minet, Denys Fontaine Abstract Context: Neuropathic facial pain (NFP) that remains refractory to optimal pharmacologic management imposes a significant burden on patients and a challenge to pain specialists.