Pain Research & Management 2025 Jul 22:2025:9166828. doi: 10.1155/prm/9166828. eCollection 2025. Michel Lanteri-Minet , Rassa Pegahi Abstract Background: Paracetamol is one of the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug, available as a single or a combined formulation. Caffeine is an adjuvant analgesic to